Approximately 16 miles east of the Sea of Galilee in the Golan Heights is situated the curious ancient monolithic structure known as Rogem Hiri, also known as Gilgal Rephaim (1).  This huge complex of multiple concentric circles with a central cairn is unprecedented anywhere in the Levant.  The purpose of this inquiry is to suggest that the existence of Rogem Hiri can best be understood as a cultic site containing an ancient calendrical system utilized by the local pastoral population of the Early Bronze Age to help them predict time periods of agricultural significance.  To explain this conclusion, we will begin with a general survey of Rogem Hiri and discuss who may have built it and when. We will consider the suggested alternative functions of the site (especially the possible ritual functions), then finally focus on the prominent indications of a strong ancient awareness of the cosmos as reflected by Rogem Hiri’s alignment with natural phenomena.
     Rogem Hiri is composed of five concentric stone rings surrounding a central cairn or burial site.  The largest ring measures 145m from east to west and 155m from north to south with a circumference of 500m (88-91.1).  The wall is preserved to up to 2m high and 3.2-3.3m thick.  Two entrances penetrate it, one in the northeast and one in the southeast.  Small extension walls, pointing to the north, west, and south extend from the wall in their respective locations.  Ring two measures 105m east to west and 115m north to south, 2.6m wide.  Ring three is 70 m east to west and 90m north to south, up to 2m wide, and there is an unexplained bulge in the southern part of the ring.  The inner two rings are semicircular and narrower, only reaching 1.5m maximum in thickness.  At the center of the rings is a burial structure 20m wide and 4.5m high.
The rings are interconnected by a series of what are called radial walls, placed at seemingly random intervals and locations throughout the site, 36 in number (2).
     The building blocks of Rogem Hiri consist of uncut basalt stones.  They range in size from smallish to medium-sized to huge boulders (Endnote 3).  The site is curiously shallow, located only 2.5m above bedrock at most, and why it was not constructed directly upon the bedrock for a more stable construction is undetermined.  Evidence of paving with large flat stones was discovered in much of the site.